Antacids - miscellaneous preparations

Editorial Note

The information presented here identifies some of the nutrients that may be depleted by certain medications. The signs and symptoms associated with nutrient deficiency may also indicate other conditions. If you are experiencing any of the signs or symptoms mentioned, it does not necessarily mean that you are nutrient deficient. Nutrient depletion depends upon several factors, including your medical history, diet, and lifestyle, as well as the length of time you have been taking the medication. Consult your health care provider to address your individual health care needs, and determine if you are at risk for nutrient depletions from these and other medications.

Supporting Research

Ames BN. Micronutrient deficiencies: A major cause of DNA damage. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2000;889:87-106.

Cashman K, Flynn A. Optimal nutrition: calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999;58:477-487.

Dali-Youcef N, Andres E. An update on cobalamin deficiency in adults. QJM. 2009;102(1):17-28.

Pelton R, LaValle J, Hawkins E, et al. Drug-Induced Nutrient Depletion Handbook. 2nd ed. Hudson, OH: LexiComp, Inc.; 2001.

MacKenzie JF, Russell RI. The effect of pH on folic acid absorption in man. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1976;51:363-368.

Marx: Rosen's Emergency Medicine, 7th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby. 2009.

Roe DA. Diet and Drug Interactions. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 85-86, 1989.

Alternative Names

Overview

Medications

• Sodium Bicarbonate

Depletions

Magnesium deficiency affects calcium and vitamin D levels in the blood and may be associated with muscle cramps, heart irregularities, insomnia, high blood pressure, diabetes, and osteoporosis (bone loss).

Symptoms of deficiency include loss of appetite, nausea, drowsiness, feelings of apprehension, excessive thirst, irrational behavior, fatigue, muscle pain, and weakness (usually of the lower limbs). Severe cases may lead to irregular heartbeat.

Low levels of folic acid have been linked to anemia, heart disease, and birth defects.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Obvious symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency are rare because it takes years to develop complications associated with long term depletion of this nutrient. Irritability, weakness, numbness, anemia, loss of appetite, headache, personality changes, and confusion are some of the signs and symptoms associated with vitamin B12 depletion. Low levels of this vitamin may also be associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, heart disease, brain disorders, and birth defects.