Breast reconstruction - series
Indication, part 1
The normal female breasts are paired structures that contain fat and glandular tissue designed to secrete milk. Cancer of the breast is one of the more common cancers in women. Risk factors include a family history of breast cancer, early age at first period, and late menopause.
Indication, part 2
Breast removal (mastectomy) is usually performed to treaet cancer of the breast. Women with a strong family history of breast cancer and genetic abnormalities that predispose them to breast cancer, may undergo bilateral prophylactic mastectomies to prevent the future occurrence of breast cancer.
Incision
Reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy is performed in select patients who have very small tumors or who undergo prophylactic (preventative) bilateral mastectomy. First, tissue from the lower abdomen, including skin, muscle, and blood vessels, is removed. This is called a TRAM flap.
Procedure, part 1
The flap is then transferred under the skin between the two sites and sutured into place.
Procedure, part 2
Alternatively, a saline-filled prosthesis (breast implant) can be inserted under the skin and muscle after mastectomy. Over the next few weeks and months, the prosthesis is slowly filled with increasing amounts of saline by injection, which expands the overlying skin and creates a breast mound.
Aftercare
The final step is nipple reconstruction. One method involves taking a partial graft from the remaining nipple to create a new one. In another method, the surgeon raises a small area of skin on the reconstructed breast and tattoos it at a later date. The overall results of breast reconstruction, while not perfect, are usually excellent. Nevertheless, patients should discuss their expectations with their surgeon in detail prior to surgery.
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